What are the 4 geologic processes?

The Four Main Geologic Processes

Geology identifies four primary processes that shape Earth's surface and other planetary bodies:

Volcanism: The eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface, forming features like volcanoes, lava flows, and igneous rocks.
Tectonics: The movement and deformation of Earth's crust due to plate motions. This process creates mountains, rift valleys, earthquakes, and faults.
Erosion and Weathering: The breakdown and transport of rocks and sediments by wind, water, ice, and biological activity. This process gradually wears down landforms and redistributes materials.
Impact Cratering: The formation of craters caused by the collision of meteorites or other space objects with Earth's surface. This process is especially important on planets and moons with little atmosphere.

These processes continuously interact to shape and reshape Earth's surface over geological time scales.